Typhoid vaccination how long before travel

Speak with a travel clinic doctor or health care provider if you have had a life-threatening reaction to a previous dose of typhoid vaccine or any component of the vaccine.

Reactions to the typhoid vaccine are usually mild and temporary. Possible reactions to the oral vaccine include stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, or skin rash. Possible reactions to the injection include soreness, swelling or redness where the shot was given.

Fever and headache are also common. It is important to stay in the clinic for 15 minutes after getting any vaccine because there is an extremely rare possibility, less than 1 in a million, of a life-threatening allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. This may include hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the throat, tongue or lips.

Should this reaction occur, your health care provider is prepared to treat it. Emergency treatment includes administration of epinephrine adrenaline and transfer by ambulance to the nearest emergency department. If symptoms develop after you leave the clinic, call or the local emergency number. Typhoid is a serious and life-threatening infection caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi. For every 10 people who get sick, up to 2 people may die unless they get treatment with antibiotics quickly.

For those that get treatment, less than 1 percent will die. Symptoms of infection include constipation, high fever, headache, tiredness, loss of appetite, dizziness, cough and a rash on the torso the body excluding the head and limbs. Infection can also cause serious bleeding in the intestines.

Symptoms generally occur 1 to 3 weeks after getting infected, but can occur anytime between 3 days to 60 days after getting infected. Salmonella typhi bacteria are carried in the bowel movements stool and urine of infected people.

People who use the bathroom without proper hand washing can pass the bacteria on to others through food preparation or hand-to-mouth contact.

You may also get sick by drinking water that has been contaminated with sewage, eating shellfish taken from sewage-polluted areas, or eating raw fruits and vegetables that may have been fertilized with human waste.

Despite recovering from the illness, some people can be carriers of typhoid bacteria and spread the disease on to others. It is recommended that parents or guardians and their children discuss consent for immunization. Children under the age of 19, who are able to understand the benefits and possible reactions for each vaccine and the risk of not getting immunized, can legally consent to or refuse immunizations.

It's therefore particularly important that you're vaccinated if you're visiting these countries. Combined typhoid and hepatitis A injections are also available for people aged 15 or over. Protection against hepatitis A lasts 1 year and protection against typhoid lasts 3 years. The vaccines work by stimulating your body to create antibodies infection-fighting proteins that prevent you getting ill if you become infected with the typhoid bacteria.

As the Ty21a vaccine contains a live sample of Salmonella typhi bacteria, it isn't suitable for people with a weakened immune system — for example, people with HIV and those receiving certain types of treatment, such as chemotherapy. It also isn't usually recommended for children under 5, whereas children can have the Vi vaccine from 2 years of age. It's unclear whether the Vi and Ty21a vaccines present a risk to pregnant or breastfeeding women.

But vaccination should be considered if there's a significant risk of getting typhoid fever. The typhoid vaccine should ideally be given at least 1 month before you travel, although if necessary it can be given closer to your travel date.

Typhoid fever is a serious — and potentially deadly disease that is common in many developing countries. More than 21 million people get typhoid fever every year. The disease is rare in the United States, but travelers who visit certain countries are at risk for contracting it.

Typhoid fever is fatal about 25 percent of the time. Fortunately, there is a vaccine for typhoid fever. The vaccine can help prevent the disease.

If you are traveling to countries where typhoid fever commonly occurs, then you should protect yourself with this vaccine. The bacteria Salmonella typhi causes typhoid fever. People most often get typhoid fever when they drink water or eat food that the bacteria lives on. After you ingest the food or water, the bacteria will then enter the small intestine and invade the bloodstream. White blood cells carry the bacteria throughout the bloodstream.

It then multiplies and infects other tissues and organs. The bacteria then causes various symptoms, such as fever, poor appetite, diarrhea, and headaches.