When was henry viii defender of the faith

Henry also used the book to defend papal authority, arguing that the Church was key to ensuring unity across Europe. In case this point had been lost on the Pope, the book was dedicated to him and a luxurious copy sent to the Vatican in September Through this book, Henry succeeded in arguing the supremacy of the old, Catholic Church and showing himself as an enlightened Renaissance prince.

Dacia usually refers to an area of Eastern Europe, so for a long time it was assumed this book had been a gift to the King of Hungary, although there is no clear link between the two kings. What better way for Henry to demonstrate his Renaissance credentials to a fellow king than to present Christian II with a luxuriant copy his own bestseller? If this book belonged to Christian II, it seems he did not take its messages to heart either: he was forced into exile in the year he met Henry and soon became a committed Lutheran.

Just like the portrait shown above, the Assertio reveals a different Henry to the figure famous today for executions and religious turmoil in England, presenting himself as one of the foremost Renaissance princes of his generation.

By Henry began to seek ways to end his marriage with Catherine. The alliance with Spain was restricting his international intrigues, he had fallen in love with year-old Anne Boleyn, and, most importantly, Catherine had failed to give him a male heir she did give birth to a daughter, Mary. England had recently survived a bloody and costly civil war; Henry needed a male heir to insure a peaceful succession upon his death.

Getting an annulment was fairly easy in the sixteenth century—if both parties wanted one. But Catherine was unwilling and sought the support of her nephew, Emperor Charles V. The emperor didn't want to see his aunt disgraced and routed the pope's troops. Pope Clement, seeing the score, had no choice but to refuse Henry the annulment. When Anne became pregnant in , Henry moved ahead on his own. He had already forced the clergy to submit to his supremacy in all ecclesiastical matters.

Now he married Anne in secret, had his new archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, declare his marriage to Catherine invalid, and crowned Anne queen in Henry and the church teetered on the brink of schism.

When the pope threatened excommunication, Henry plunged ahead. He passed one act forcing all to recognize the children of his new marriage as heirs to the throne. Then he passed another making him the "supreme head" of the church in England. He dissolved monasteries, redistributing their property to his nobles to reinforce their loyalty.

Monks who resisted were executed, and the money from their treasuries went into his coffers. Still, in an era of Reformation, his church reforms were conservative. He appeared to want a Catholic church—just one that was always loyal to him and to England. They are Historic hotels with character, charm and some old Coaching Inns that have retained their historic character with low oak beams, uneven floors and some still have their big fireplaces.

All rooms have en-suite facilities. Costs include transport during the tour, entrance fees to heritage sites, attractions and activities, bed and breakfast at the hotels and a Seasonal performance at the Globe theatre in London. Please note that centuries old castles and houses were not built with lifts and escalators. Some have many steps and restricted access points. Some of the old inns at which we stay do not have lifts either.

Please ask us about any mobility issues, if you have any of these considerations as we can provide an honest assessment of all of the places we visit and hotels we use.

Then we travel by Thames River boat to the Tower of London. We head off to visit Canterbury where the skyline is dominated by its stunning Cathedral, the oldest in England.

Leeds Castle is promoted as being the most beautiful castle in England. There has been a castle on the site since The castle today dates mostly from the 19th century. The magnificent Keep has been set out for the times of Henry II with state rooms, bedchamber, guest rooms and halls together with kitchen, bakery and brewery in the basement. With smoke from real log fires, you are easily transported back to the 's and the court of Henry II. We travel through the English countryside to the beautiful home of the Boleyn family, Hever castle which saw the love story of the age that led to divorce, excommunication and the threat of war.

Both of the Boleyn sisters were lovers of the King. We then visit Penshurst Place an important house in Kent and very close to Hever. Knole passed through royalty to the Sackville family who still live there today. With over 1, acres this is the one of the largest manor houses in England with the only medieval deer park in the country.

Southsea Castle on the island city of Portsmouth in Hampshire, we stand in the same place where Henry stood, watching the battle as the Mary Rose, his flagship, foundered in the Solent with the loss of lives.