When was osiris the god born

Indeed, according to some, the Dynasty of the gods spread on 11, years, Ptah Hephaistos having reigned 9, years, Re Helios years, Shu Agathodaimon years, Geb Cronos years, Osiris and Isis years, and Seth Typhon years [7]. An Egyptian tradition, originally of the city of Xois, in Lower Egypt, attributed to Amon, the creator god, a reign of 7, years [8]. A mythological narrative celebrating, the "Myth of Horus", engraved on the walls of the Ptolemaic temple of Edfu, mentions "the year of His Majesty the king of Upper and Lower Egypt Re-Horakhty" [9].

Be that as it may, it is precisely because he had taken note of the exact size of Osiris, different from that of the other divinities, that Seth can put into execution the machiavellian plan, of which it will be mentioned later. According to the biographical note at Dendara, Osiris, crowned in Herakleopolis, chose the god Thoth as vizier and appointed two generals, Hu language for Upper Egypt, and Sia intellect for Lower Egypt Dend. II, , The nome of Upper Egypt, goes back to at least the Middle Kingdom.

Thus, in formula of the Coffin Texts, the deceased, assimilated in Osiris, declares: "I have been crowned sovereign of the sky and king of the land, and my adversaries fell from fear while seeing me exalted with my great atef crowns, coming from Heracleopolis " CT IV, 87ma.

Perhaps it may be objected that a divergent and former tradition, makes of Heliopolis the city where Osiris received the the sekhem sceptre or the heqa t crook: "Execute the orders, you who hate sleep, weakened him Osiris , arise, you who are in Nedit: prepare your perfect bread in Pe Buto , take your sekhem sceptre to Heliopolis! No contradiction yet, between these two traditions. Promoted king of the living in Heracleopolis, Osiris was crowned lord of the beyond in Heliopolis.

Become king, Osiris had to establish the five constituent names of his official protocol: the Horus name, the Nebty name, the Gold Horus name, the name of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt coronation name, or prenomen and the name of the son of Re birth name, or nomen. Several versions of the Osirian titulature have been passed on to us, without these variants, besides, it doesn't really affect the fundamental will of the scribes - theologians to produce an effect of credibility: Egyptian history abounds with fluctuating titulature or those deliberately modified during the reign.

II, ,13 - ,2. One notes that the birth name of the god is Wennefer, "The Perfect one", Osiris being only his coronation name, as stipulated already, which means the one surrounded by a cartouche, on a stela of the XIIIth Dynasty British Museum [].

The temple at Dendara repeatedly gives, as a variant of the Horus name, "The one who stopped the massacre in the Two-lands". So, in a chapel on the roof of the temple, one invokes Osiris as the "Lord of Egypt, who governed the inhabitants of the desert, who governed the foreign regions as Horus , The one who stopped the massacre in the Two-lands" Dend. X, , [10]. But one can also go back in time, since this name is represented on at least two stelae of the Middle Kingdom, of which one is preserved to the Cairo museum CG , and the other, dated precisely from year 8 of Sesostris I, in the Louvre museum C 2.

The "massacre" in question would be the cannibalism to which Osiris would have put a end to, according to Diodore I, 14 or, better still, the civil war which necessarily precedes all reunification? Be that as it may, the high dating of these documents, as will be seen, is of a great interest. One will note, from the passage, that a similar historicisation process, by recourse to the creation of an embryo of protocol, also affects the god Geb, father of Osiris, on two sarcophaguses of the Middle Kingdom; formula , to which one wanted to give the outer form of a royal decree, starts with a serekh in which appears the Horus name of Geb: "The Great, the eldest, the Lord of the Field of Reeds" CT II, b.

Our knowledge of the Osirian protocol admittedly does not stop there. Toward the end of the famous tale of Horus and Seth , composed maybe under Ramesses IV, the solar god of Heliopolis, Re-Horakhty, decides to send a message to Osiris, king of the beyond, to solicit his opinion on the litigation opposing the two rivals. Diligently, Thoth, the scribe of the gods, starts his letter with the complete statement of the titulature of the sovereign of the dead: "The Bull Lion who hunts for himself, the Nebty The one who protected the gods and subjugated the Two-lands, the Gold Horus The one who invented men for the first time, the King of Upper and Lower Egypt the Bull who resides in Heliopolis, the Son of Ptah Beneficiant of the Two Banks, crowned father of his Ennead, feeding on gold and on any sacred earthenware" P.

Chester Beatty I, recto 14, [12]. This sequence, as can be seen, is radically different from the previous. His chronological antecedence in relation to the titulature given at Dendara doesn't necessarily impose it as more authentic: the archive documents used by the Tentyrite scribes could have been inspired by more ancient sources. But nothing says, especially, that the protocol of the king of the dead must be identical to the one of the terrestrial reign.

Just as the places of coronation are distinct, Heracleopolis for the terrestrial reign and Heliopolis for the reign in the underworld, it is perfectly logical that the titulature each correspond to a specific expertise, also differentiating themselves. Some suggest years, but the Manethon sources, and their interpretations, don't agree. The twenty-eight years mentioned by Plutarch Isis and Osiris , 42 , seem very modest for one divine reign, more derisory still if it concerns his time of life, but have nevertheless the merit to evoke a lunar cycle, perfectly suitable to the god's personality.

The nature of the reign of Osiris is more interesting. According to Diodore, "Osiris, who wanted to serve humanity and to acquire glory, gathered a great army and formed the project to traverse the whole inhabited land and to teach to human kind the art of planting the grapevine and sowing wheat and barley.

Indeed, he thought that while removing men from the wild state, while making them adopt a regime of civilised life, he would be made, by the importance of these good deeds, worthy of immortal honours. And it is indeed what happened" I, 17, [13]. The text of Plutarch is similar: "During his reign, Osiris started by delivering the Egyptians from destitution and savagery, made them understand agriculture, gave them some laws and taught them to honour the gods, then he left by the whole world to bring civilisation, without having, only rarely, to resort to the weapons, almost always achieving the will of his intentions by the charm of his persuasive word and by the resources of song and music" Isis and Osiris , These accounts, touching the invention of agriculture, are confirmed by a great number of Egyptian sources, to start with the personal declaration of Osiris in the Ramesside tale of Horus and Seth : "It is I who created the barley and wheat to make the gods live and, after the gods, the herd of man!

Chester Beatty I, recto 14, Because of his death and resurrection, Osiris is associated with the flooding and retreating of the Nile and thus with the crops along the Nile valley. The resurrection of the god symbolized the rebirth of the grain.

This was all presented by skilled actors as a literary history, and was the main method of recruiting cult membership. When they pretend that the mutilated remains of the god have been found and rejoined…they turn from mourning to rejoicing.

The Passion of Osiris was re-enacted at all of his temples during his annual festivals. In the first scene, Osiris is slain, no one knowing what happened to his body, and the onlookers weep and mourn, rend their hair and beat their breasts.

Isis and Nepthys then recover the remnants and return to the temple. In the second scene, Thoth, Horus and Isis revive Osiris in the sanctuary, not witnessed by the populace.

Then Osiris emerges, to much rejoicing. Wheat and clay rituals Differing from the public portion above, an esoteric phase consisted of ceremonials performed inside the temples by priests witnessed only by initiates.

Then they knead some fertile soil with the water…and fashion therefrom a crescent-shaped figure, which they cloth and adorn, this indicating that they regard these gods as the substance of Earth and Water. In the Osirian temple at Denderah, an inscription translated by Budge, Chapter XV, Osiris and the Egyptian Resurrection describes in detail the making of wheat paste models of each dismembered piece of Osiris to be sent out to the town where each piece was discovered by Isis.

At the temple of Mendes, figures of Osiris are made from wheat and paste placed in a trough on the day of the murder, then water added for several days, when finally the mixture was kneaded into a mold of Osiris and taken to the temple and buried the sacred grain for these cakes only grown in the temple fields. Molds are made from wood of a red tree in the forms of the sixteen dismembered parts of Osiris, cakes of divine bread made from each mold, placed in a silver chest and set near the head of the god, the inward parts of Osiris as described in the Book of the Dead XVII.

On the first day of the Festival of Ploughing, where the goddess Isis appears in her shrine where she is stripped naked, Paste made from the grain is placed in her bed and moistened with water, representing the fecund earth. All of these sacred rituals were climaxed by the eating of sacramental god, the eucharist by which the celebrants were transformed, in their persuasion, into replicas of their god-man Larson The Osirian Sacrament Although there were ethical and ceremonial considerations none of these could compare to the power of the divine eucharist, since it was literally believed to be the body bread and blood ale of the god.

Since the ancient Nilotics believed that humans were whatever they eat, this sacrament was, by extension, able to make them celestial and immortal. The doctrine of the eucharist ultimately has its roots in prehistoric cannibalism, whose practitioners understood that virtues and powers of the eaten can be thus absorbed by the eater.

This phenomenon has been described throughout the world. It shows that the original ideology of Egypt commingled with Osirian concepts. Although ultimately given a high place in heaven by order of Osiris, Unas is at first an enemy of the gods and his ancestors, who he hunts, lassoes, kills, cooks, and eats so that their powers may become his own. This was written at a time when the eating of parents and gods was a laudable ceremony, and this emphasizes how hard it must have been to stamp out the older order of cannibalism.

He eats their words of power, he swallows their spirits…. He eats the wisdom of every god, his period of life is eternity…. Their soul is in his body, their spirits are within him. Although crude, this was a core concept, the conviction that one could receive immortality by eating the flesh and blood of a god who had died became a dominating obsession in the ancient world.

T he pharaohs of Egypt traced their lineage to the god Horus. Horus was the son of Osiris and Isis , two of the nine primeval gods of the Egyptian Ennead. The story begins when Osiris reigned on earth and married his sister Isis. Their mission was to bring civilization to humanity, to teach people about the practice of government, religion and marriage.

Isis's magical healing powers, and her knowledge of weaving, crop growing, corn grinding and flax spinning were also passed on to the Egyptian people. Holding a crook and flail, Osiris sits on his throne under a canopy in judgement of the dead. His wife, Isis left , and his sister Nephthys stand behind him. One day, disaster struck. Seth , the god of disorder, murdered his brother Osiris, the god of order. Seth was furious because his wife, Nephthys , had conceived a child, named Anubis , by Osiris.

The murder happened at a banquet when Seth invited guests to lie down in a coffin he had made for the king. Several guests tried unsuccessfully. When Osiris climbed in, Seth and his conspirators nailed down the lid, weighed the coffin down with lead and cast it into the Nile. This happened in July when the waters of the Nile were rising. Nun the primeval sea took Osiris away to hide his secrets.

The death of Osiris threw the cosmos into chaos and made the gods weep. Isis, greatly distraught, wandered throughout the land in search of her husband, asking everyone if they had seen him. He presided over the court that determined the fate of kings when they died. He is portrayed as a mummified man wearing a tall white crown adorned with two ostrich feathers. A ccording to Egyptian mythology, Osiris was murdered by his brother Seth then brought back to life by the love of his sister and wife, Isis.